Homeowners should be aware of common cold weather problems and take appropriate preventative measures to ensure safety and comfort.

Insulation. While proper insulation is critical to keeping a house warm and lowering heating costs, it also can help protect the home. If too much heat escapes the interior of the house through the attic because of poor insulation, the warm air can cause ice to melt on the roof, which then refreezes at night. As this process is repeated, the buildup of ice can result in excess weight, causing the roof to collapse.

Climate Systems. To maximize efficiency and reduce utility bills, be sure to have your heating system inspected by a trained professional. This can proactively detect any potential system malfunctions, or repair any current defects.

Plumbing. Wrap exterior pipes with heat tape or other insulation before the onset of freezing temperatures. During a freeze, leave interior faucets dripping and cabinets open. Always know where their master water shut-off valve is in the event of a pipe burst.

Fireplaces. Schedule a yearly inspection of your fireplace to ensure that it is free of excess soot buildup. Use only properly dried wood and fire logs because most residential chimneys are not equipped to handle the intense heat that results when paper and other highly flammable materials are burned.

Space Heaters. If using a space heater, make sure it has been approved by a certified testing organization, such as the Underwriters Laboratory (UL). They should also be kept away from flammable objects, and children should be carefully monitored when near them.

Carbon Monoxide. If a house is tightly insulated to keep cold air out during the winter months and there is a carbon monoxide occurrence within the home, the tasteless, odorless and colorless gas can build up, causing the potential for poisoning. Have a qualified service professional check for proper ventilation and inspect your gas-operated systems for possible leaks. Carbon monoxide detectors should also be installed to monitor levels of the gas inside the home.

Fire Preparedness. Install smoke detectors on every level of the home and inspect them regularly to ensure they are in working order. Develop a fire-escape plan and practice with the entire family to make sure everyone, especially small children, know how to safely leave the home and meet at a designated area outside.

Accident Prevention. Check outdoor railings to ensure that they are secure and sturdy. Outdoor steps also should be inspected to ensure they are not broken or susceptible to collapsing under the weight of heavy snow or ice. Use doormats at all entry points to capture moisture and other residue that can cause a slip or fall.